As we age, our risk of developing a serious illness increases. In South Africa, cancer is one of the leading causes of death, with organisations like CANSA reporting that prostate cancer is the most common cancer among South African men. Cardiovascular disease also remains a major threat, with the Heart and Stroke Foundation South Africa noting that heart disease and strokes are among the top causes of death locally.
Detecting signs of illness early is crucial for effectively treating – or altogether preventing – life-shortening conditions and those which might significantly impact your quality of life in later years. However, not all illnesses have easy-to-spot symptoms.
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Many major conditions are asymptomatic, particularly in the early stages. That’s why medical professionals advise routine health screenings to detect red flags early and improve your long-term outlook.
Access to screening can differ depending on whether you use the public healthcare system or private medical aid. Most checks can be arranged through your GP, a private clinic, pharmacy clinic or, in some cases, via referral in the public sector.
The Health Screenings Men Should Have at Every Age from 40
From Age 40 Blood Pressure, Cholesterol and Type 2 Diabetes
From age 40, your blood pressure and cholesterol are tested annually, as well as a screening for type 2 diabetes. ‘A blood pressure check involves measuring blood pressure, while the latter two involve blood tests,’ explains Dr Richard Webb, GP at Nuffield Health Brighton. ‘All three affect cardiovascular risk.’
High blood pressure, known as hypertension, can cause strokes and heart disease and is often referred to as the ‘silent’ killer, because it’s typically symptomless.
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You’re at an increased risk of high cholesterol if you’re over age 50. Heightened cholesterol can cause blockages in blood vessels, making heart issues and strokes more likely.
You can get all three tests done at a pharmacy or through your GP.
From Age 50 Prostate Cancer Screening
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among South African men, according to CANSA. While there is no formal nationwide screening programme, men over 50 – or younger if at higher risk due to family history or other factors – can request testing.
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Talk to your GP about a PSA (prostate-specific antigen) blood test and, where appropriate, a physical examination. It’s important to have a conversation about the potential benefits and limitations of PSA testing before proceeding.
From Your Mid-50s Bowel Cancer Screening
Bowel cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting men globally and in South Africa. Early detection significantly improves survival rates.
From your mid-50s, speak to your GP about bowel cancer screening. This may involve a stool-based test to detect hidden blood, or further investigation such as a colonoscopy, depending on your risk profile and symptoms.
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Access to testing may vary between the public healthcare system and private providers, so discuss your options with your doctor.
From Age 55 Lung Health Checks
If you are a current or former smoker, you should speak to your GP from around age 55 about your lung health. Early-stage lung cancer often has no symptoms.
Your doctor may assess your risk and, if necessary, refer you for further testing such as imaging scans. If you’ve ever smoked, make sure your GP is aware so that appropriate risk assessments can be done.
From Age 65 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a swelling in the aorta, the main blood vessel that runs from your heart down to your abdomen. If it ruptures, it can be life-threatening.
Around age 65, speak to your GP about whether an ultrasound screening is appropriate for you, particularly if you have a history of smoking or cardiovascular disease.
Follow-up and monitoring will depend on the findings and your overall health profile.
Additional Health Checks to Get Regardless of Age
Vision
There’s no formal national screening programme, but it’s recommended to have your eyes tested at least every two years, or more frequently if advised. Optometrists can also pick up early signs of systemic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension.
Hearing
If you notice changes in your hearing, speak to your GP about a referral for a hearing assessment. Early intervention can significantly improve quality of life.
Dental
Routine dental check-ups every one to two years are recommended. Oral health is closely linked to overall health, including heart disease risk.
STI Testing
Regular STI screening is recommended if you are sexually active. Guidelines suggest testing annually or when changing partners. Testing can be arranged through private GPs, sexual health clinics or public healthcare facilities.
Routine Mole Checks
Skin cancer risk is higher in a country with high UV exposure like South Africa. Monitor your moles for changes in size, shape, colour or symmetry. If you notice anything unusual, see your GP or a dermatologist. Organisations like CANSA also provide guidance on skin cancer awareness.
Self Health Checks to Do Regardless of Age
Testicular Checks
Men should check for testicular lumps from puberty onwards, as testicular cancer most commonly affects younger men. If you notice swelling, pain or a lump, book an appointment with your GP promptly.
Skin Checks
Examine your skin every few months for new or changing moles or lesions. Early detection is key to successful treatment.
Breast and Chest Checks
Although breast cancer in men is rare, it does occur. Regularly check your chest area for lumps or unusual changes. Any new lump anywhere on the body should prompt a conversation with a healthcare professional.
This article by Abbi Henderson originally appeared on Men’s Health UK – additional reporting was done by Men’s Health SA Team.
